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Craven, J.
(1911). “Hypochlorite Treatment
of the Omaha Water Supply.” Engineering Record.
"For purification
of the water supply of Omaha, Nebraska, raw Missouri River water is pumped
to a system of 5 sedimentation basins, which remove about 95% of the suspended
silt...In treating the settled water, a 0.5% solution of Ca(OCI)2
is used...The combined bacterial reduction of the settling and disinfection
processes is 99.85%, this being the average of 8 months’ counts.”
Echols,
K.R., W.G. Brumbaugh,
C.E. Orazio, T.W.
May, B.C. Poulton, and P.H. Peterman.
(2008). “Distribution of Pesticides, PAHs,
PCBs, and Bioavailable Metals in Depositional Sediments
of the Lower Missouri River, USA." “The
lower Missouri River was studied to determine the distribution of selected
persistent org. pollutants and bioavailable
metals in depositional sediments….The moderately high
concerns of acid-volatile sulfide in the sediments suggest a low potential
for metal toxicity to benthic organisms along this reach of the Missouri
River. The depositional area sediments contained
concerns of the targeted persistent organic chemicals and metals that
were below published probable effect level concerns.”
Love,
R.W., L.A. Young, and H.O.
Hartung. (1986). "Water
Quality in the Missouri River: Progress and Prospects."
"Representatives of the Army Corps of Engineers,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, and a water-supply
utility comment on water quality in the Missouri River and plans for its
improvement. The upstream reservoirs have helped
to reduce turbidity and to provide more uniform water quality and flow.
Comprehensive planning for pollution control is
under way; data are being gathered and stored, water-quality forecasts
will be made, water-quality goals will be chosen, and enforcement will
be undertaken. Pollutants entering the river contribute
to turbidity and taste and odor in raw public water supply sources; the
burden of solving this problem should rest with the polluters rather than
with the water treatment plants."
Marshall,
F.H. (1911). “Water
Treatment by Coagulation, Sedimentation and Hypochlorite Disinfection
at Omaha, Nebraska." “The Missouri River water
is very muddy and in order to help clarify it alum is used to induce pptn.
(2 grains per million gallons). Hypochlorite of
lime is used owing to the unusual number of typhoid cases in the winter
of 1909-10; 0.30 part per million available chlorine give the best result.
The percentage of bacterial reduction in the basins
before treatment is 97.4 and the combined efficiency of the basins and
the treatment is 99.85.”
"Missouri
River Region Daily River Bulletin." This document
is a Reservoir Control Center Report and provides data on river elevation
and flood stage at various river gages, including those along the Missouri
River.
Missouri
River Wastewater Treatment Plant. (2000). “City
of Omaha Trickling Filter Improvement Project." “Trickling
filters have been used for >100 years to treat wastewater…An
improvement project was conducted in 1996 to retrofit the trickling filters
with a mechanical drive system and cover each filter with an Al dome.
Installing the mechanical drive system increased
operational flexibility and efficiency. The plant
has maintained compliance with its NPDES (National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination system) permit…”
Petty, J.D., B.C.
Poulton, C.S. Charbonneau,
J.N. Huckins, S.B.
Jones, J.T. Cameron, and H.F. Prest.
(1998). "Determination
of Bioavailable Contaminants in the Lower Missouri
River Following the Flood of 1993." This article
talks about the use of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD)
technology to "determine the presence of bioavailable
organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
in the water of the main stem of the lower Missouri River and three of
its tributaries."
Vogel,
J.R., J.D. Frankforter, and D.L.
Rus. (2009). “Organic Wastewater
Compounds in Combined Sewer Overflows, Stormwater,
and Receiving Streams in Omaha, Nebraska." “…The
U.S.G.S., in cooperation with the City of Omaha, has
conducted a combined sewer overflow (CSO) monitoring
project to assess the water-quality impacts of CSOs
on the Missouri River and other receiving streams in Omaha, Nebraska…Results
indicate increased loads of organic wastewater compounds from both CSOs
and stormwater are affecting the water quality of receiving
streams in this area.”
Zelt,
R.B., and J.D. Frankforter. (2003).
“Water-Quality Assessment of the Central Nebraska
Basins—Entering a New Decade." "In 2001,
the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water-Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) Program began its second decade
of intensive water-quality assessments (Cycle II). NAWQA
scientists plan to revisit 42 major river-basin and aquifer systems (called
study units) that were assessed in the first decade."
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